基本吉他效果器入門簡介

 

 

吉他手們都喜歡用效果,但很多人不是真正知道如何使用效果器,而瞭解效果器原理的人更是少之又少。

對部分彈吉他的人來說,讓他們願意彈吉他的唯一理由是精彩的吉他效果。

常見的是加了一大堆效果之後,無法分辨吉他的聲音,糊成一堆。吉他手的一個弱點是擁有效果器就想加上去,不管是否有用。對想要買第一個效果器的初學者來說,由於太多種效果了,所以他們很容易不知所措。

效果器可以分為兩大類,一改變吉他訊號的大小,也就是調整振幅,如Distortion, Compressor, Noise gate,Wah-wah等,

另一種是延遲訊號的時間,如Chorus,Flanger,Reverb,Delay等。

在這裡為大家分別介紹常用的吉他效果器。

 

 

 

  • Distortion

Distortion又稱為失真,基本上是擴大器無法達到應該輸出的功率而使得輸出的訊號失真了,這種失真一般會使得原本是正弦波的訊號便成了方形波,也就是說,擴大器因為達不到應該的輸出功率而將正弦波的上方除掉了,但在我們聽來,擴大器似乎加入了很多原來訊號裡沒有的泛音,這個泛音就是我們聽distortion 時麻麻的那種聲音。

失真的越厲害,波形被切的就越多,聽起來就越麻。 因為這種聲音是由擴大器或效果器,而不是由吉他來的。

 

Distortion 和 Overdrive 之間的不同

有部分吉他手將 overdrive 和 distortion 頻密地交互使用。

事實上,你常看到叫做 overdrive/distortion 的效果器。

技術上,overdrive 的音色是想模擬有著自然溫暖聲音的真空管音箱,而 distortion 則是加了更多穿透跟壓碎效果。

可以簡單假設所有的 distortion 聽起來會是一樣,但是其實各種的 distortion 中,有精巧、豐富的細微差別,這是為什麼有很多不同 distortion 效果器的原因。

 

 

 

  • Limiter & Compressor

Limiter主要作用是改變輸出的大小,但它只改變音量,而不改變聲音的波形,當輸入訊號太大時,Limiter能夠保護擴大器或音箱,將輸出訊號限制於某個限度。

Compressor的功能就較為複雜了,它不只限制輸出的大小,當輸入訊號過小時,可以先將它放大到夠強的範圍,太大的部分就壓縮下來,這樣整個訊號就可以變的較均勻。

 

 

 

  • Noise gate

Noise gate能濾掉雜音,但事實它不能真正濾掉雜音,因為機器不能分辨什麼是雜音,什麼是該錄的訊號,不過當沒有輸入訊號時,雜訊才聽的清楚,當輸入訊號較大時,雜訊較不重要,因此 Noies gate 就是當輸入訊號很小時自動將輸出關掉,只有當訊號大於設定值時才會恢復,如此就不會只錄雜音了。

Noise Gate開得太弱,雜音沒辦法消除,開得太強,吉他的音色 (Tone) 又變得很奇怪。

 

 

 

  • Phaser, Flanger, Chorus, Reverb, Echo 和 Delay

它們的原理大致上都一樣,就是將訊號延後一點時間再和原來的訊號合併輸出,再由延後的時間長短而分成這些的效果器。

  1. 延後時間在15ms以下的是Flanger. 因為和訊號抵消的結果,產生了像噴射機一樣的聲音。
  2. 延後時間在10ms到25ms的是Chorus,聽起來像兩個樂器同時在彈。
  3. 延後時間在25ms到50ms是Echo ,50ms以上是大多數Delay 的範圍。
  4. Reverb 和Echo不同的地方是Echo像Delay,會將原訊號延後後反覆輸出,而Reverb模擬環境回音,重複訊號的特定頻率,因此每一次延後的訊號都會不一樣。
  5. Phaser原理和Flanger差不多,是早期沒有延遲電路下發展出的。等到真正能延遲相位的效果器出來以後,反而聲音不太一樣,就只好叫做Flanger了。

 

 

  • Wah-wah

基本上像吉他上了音色扭,早期wah-wah還沒被發明時吉他手就是這樣製造wah-wah 的效果,只要你將音色扭很快的轉來轉去,你就可以聽到wah的效果,當然真正的Wah-wah要好多了。

Wah-wah Pedal 是一種電吉他效果踏板,可改變吉他信號的音調和頻率,以模仿人聲說出擬聲名稱“哇”,從而產生獨特的聲音。 Wah-wah效果起源於 1920 年代,小號或長號演奏者發現他們可以通過將靜音器移入和移出樂器的鈴聲來產生富有表現力的哭聲。 後來當哇音踏板被發明時,這被用於電吉他的電子電路模擬。 它由演奏者的腳在連接到電位器的搖擺踏板上的運動控制。  

 

 

逆月音樂為大家提供最好的效果器 – 立即遊覽

 

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Introduction to basic guitar effects

 

 

Guitarists like to use effects, but many people don't really know how to use effects, and there are very few people who understand the principles of effects. For some people who play guitar, the only reason why they are willing to play guitar is the wonderful guitar effect. It is common that after adding a lot of effects, it is impossible to distinguish the sound of the guitar, and it becomes a mess. One of the weaknesses of guitarists is that they want to add effects when they have them, regardless of whether they are useful or not. For beginners who want to buy their first effects device, there are too many effects, so they are easily overwhelmed. Effects can be divided into two categories. 
One is to change the size of the guitar signal, that is, to adjust the amplitude, such as Distortion, Compressor, Noise gate, Wah-wah, etc. 
The other is the time to delay the signal, such as Chorus, Flanger, Reverb, Delay, etc.

Here we will introduce the commonly used guitar effects. 

 

 

  • Distortion 

Basically, the output signal is distorted because the amplifier cannot reach the power that should be output. This distortion generally makes the original sine wave signal become a square wave. In other words, the amplifier is the upper part of the sine wave is removed because the output power cannot be reached, but to us, the amplifier seems to have added a lot of overtones that were not in the original signal. This overtone is the kind of sound that we hear when we listen to the distortion. The more the distortion, the more the waveform is cut, and the more numb it sounds. Because this kind of sound comes from the amplifier or effector, not from the guitar. The difference between Distortion and Overdrive Some guitarists frequently use overdrive and distortion interchangeably.
In fact, you often see effects called overdrive/distortion. Technically, the sound of overdrive is to simulate a vacuum tube speaker with a natural warm sound, while distortion adds more penetration and crushing effects. It can be simply assumed that all distortions sound the same, but in fact, there are subtle and rich nuances in various distortions. This is why there are many different distortion effects.

 

 

  • Limiter & Compressor

The main function of Limiter is to change the size of the output, but it only changes the volume, not the waveform of the sound. When the input signal is too large, the Limiter can protect the amplifier or speaker and limit the output signal to a certain limit.
The function of Compressor is more complicated. It not only limits the size of the output. When the input signal is too small, it can be amplified to a strong enough range first, and the part that is too large can be compressed, so that the entire signal can become more uniform.

 

 

  • Noise gate

Noise gate can filter out the noise, but in fact it cannot really filter out the noise, because the machine cannot distinguish what is the noise and what is the signal to be recorded, but when there is no input signal, the noise can be heard clearly. When the input signal is large When the noise is less important, the Noies gate automatically turns off the output when the input signal is very small, and will only recover when the signal is greater than the set value, so that it will not only record noise.
When the Noise Gate is turned on too weakly, the noise cannot be eliminated, and when it is turned on too strong, the tone of the guitar becomes strange again.

 

 

  • Phaser, Flanger, Chorus, Reverb, Echo and Delay

Their principle is roughly the same, that is, the signal is delayed for a little time and then combined with the original signal for output, and then divided into these effectors by the length of the delay.

  1. The delay time is less than 15ms is Flanger. Because of the cancellation of the signal, it produces a sound like a jet.
  2. Chorus has a delay between 10ms and 25ms. It sounds like two instruments are playing at the same time.
  3. The delay time is Echo from 25ms to 50ms, and the range of most delays is above 50ms.
  4. The difference between Reverb and Echo is that Echo is like Delay, which delays the original signal and repeatedly outputs it, while Reverb simulates environmental echo and repeats the specific frequency of the signal, so the signal after each delay will be different.
  5. The principle of Phaser is similar to that of Flanger, and it was developed in the early stage without a delay circuit. After the effects that can really delay the phase came out, but the sound was different, it had to be called Flanger.

 

 

  • Wah-wah

Basically, it’s like a guitar with timbre twisting. In the early days when wah-wah was not invented, guitarists created the wah-wah effect like this. As long as you twist the timbre quickly, you can hear the wah effect. Of course the real Wah-wah is much better.

Wah-wah Pedal is an electric guitar effect pedal that can change the pitch and frequency of the guitar signal to imitate the human voice and say the onomatopoeic name "Wah", thereby producing a unique sound. The Wah-wah effect originated in the 1920s, when trumpet or trombone players discovered that they could produce expressive crying by moving the mute in and out of the instrument’s bell. Later when the wah-wah pedal was invented, it was used to simulate the electronic circuit of an electric guitar. It is controlled by the movement of the player's foot on the swing pedal connected to the potentiometer.

 

 

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