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掌握一種樂器，比如學習小提琴演奏，是一個長期的過程，既是知識的積累過程，也是人體器官（主要是雙手）動作適應的過程。在這個過程中會遇到幾個瓶頸問題，即幾個重要的關口是必須經過的。每個學習者有著不同的起點，不同的條件，也有著個性差異，有的人對某些關口很容易就過去了，也有的遇到了瓶頸怎麼也過不去。作為教師，應該針對具體的學生想各種辦法幫助她盡快過關。
第一道關口：對樂器的支撐
這其中包括持琴、持弓、左手手型和弓弦關係。
常見的問題有：琴頭低。弓子不能與琴弦形成直角關係，弓子歪來歪去，左手3、4指站不起來等等。
01
琴頭低
演奏小提琴要求正確的兩個支點的持琴，初學時左臂是有點累，但如果堅持每天五分鐘的正確姿勢鍛煉（有時可以將琴頂在牆上）經過一個階段養成了習慣，會發現找到了平衡感覺的持琴姿勢，反而不累。琴頭越低舉不起其實會更累，有的小孩看譜，琴頭總是越拉越低，可以讓孩子自己提出琴頭的位置大約在五線譜的第幾行，經常用這個標準來提醒和檢查自己。
02
發音不好，聲音弱
把弓子放好在弦上要求勾住弦做一個重音，這個聲音要有共鳴，要能聽到琴弦的振動。從分工開始。即使拉連弓的樂句，也可以拉一小句後停一下，特別是換弦時，要換到新的弦後在運弓，經常做“拉拉停停”的練習，會幫助改進聲音。
第二道關口：左手熟悉指板
這其中包括手指排列，以及對於第一把位至第五把位內各個把位指法的掌握。
這個階段是“搞腦筋”的階段，要發展頭腦的理解力、推算力、分析和記憶的能力等。
常見的問題有：分不清全音和半音、搞不清調號、該升不升該降不降、把位指法不熟、學會了一種又忘了前一種等。
01
學習樂理知識、學習各個把位的音階、學習固定第二把位及第三把位的常用調音階和琶音，直到熟練掌握。
02
手指排列搞不清，把常用的幾種手指排列分成不同類型。如A、B、C、D等。有意識地說出當前練習的樂句是那種排列類型，強化對手指排列和幾個常用音階的記憶。
音樂就是思想著的聲音。
Music is the sound of thinking.
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Talking about the bottleneck problem often encountered by beginners of violin – how to solve the four barriers that must be passed (Part 1)
Mastering a musical instrument, such as learning to play the violin, is a long-term process, which is not only a process of accumulating knowledge but also a process of adapting to the movements of human organs (mainly hands). In this process, several bottlenecks will be encountered, that is, several important gates must be passed. Each learner has a different starting point, different conditions, and personality differences. Some people can easily pass certain thresholds, while others encounter bottlenecks and can't get past them. As a teacher, you should think of various ways for specific students to help them pass the test as soon as possible.
The first pass: support for musical instruments
This includes holding the piano, holding the bow, the left-hand shape, and the bow-string relationship.
Common problems are: the headstock is low. The bow cannot form a right-angle relationship with the strings, the bow is crooked, the 3-4 fingers of the left hand cannot stand up, and so on.
01
headstock low
Playing the violin requires the correct two fulcrums to hold the violin. The left arm is a little tired at the beginning, but if you insist on practicing the correct posture for five minutes every day (sometimes you can put the violin against the wall), after a period of time, you will find that you will get used to it. I found a posture of holding the piano with a sense of balance, but I am not tired. The lower the headstock can’t be lifted, the more tiring it will actually be. Some children will always pull the headstock lower and lower when reading music scores. You can ask the child to suggest that the position of the headstock is about the first row of the staff. This standard is often used as a reminder. and check yourself.
02
bad pronunciation, weak voice
Putting the bow on the string requires hooking the string to make an accent, the sound must resonate, and the vibration of the string must be heard. Start with the division of labor. Even if you are pulling a limbo phrase, you can pull a sentence and then stop it, especially when changing strings, you need to move the bow after changing to a new string. Doing "pull and stop" exercises often will help improve the sound.
The second pass: the left hand is familiar with the fingerboard
This includes finger arrangement and mastery of fingering in each position from the first to the fifth position.
This stage is the stage of "encountering the brain", to develop the brain's comprehension, calculation, analysis, and memory capabilities.
Common problems include: not being able to distinguish between whole tones and semitones, not being able to figure out key signatures, whether to rise or not to fall or not to fall, unfamiliar fingerings, learning one but forgetting the former, etc.
01
Learn the knowledge of music theory, learn the scales of each position, and learn the commonly used scales and arpeggios for fixing the second and third positions until you master it.
02
The finger arrangement is unclear, and the commonly used finger arrangements are divided into different types. Such as A, B, C, D, etc. Consciously say what type of arrangement the phrase is currently practicing to strengthen your memory of finger arrangements and several commonly used scales.
音樂就是思想著的聲音。
Music is the sound of thinking.
