1.小提琴為什麼需要肩托？
在早期小提琴是靠在胸前進行演奏的，然而隨著演奏技巧的不斷研究，對於左手的要求越來越高，靠於胸前已經不能滿足演奏。因此，小提琴的演奏方式從靠於胸前改為夾在鎖骨與下顎之間，來減輕左手的負擔，使得左手能夠靈活運用，這樣，肩墊誕生了。所以，肩託的主要目的，也是為了讓演奏者更好地運用左手進行演奏。
2.小提琴肩託有多重要？
琴身在演奏中的穩固性非常重要，如果琴身在演奏中有可能產生各種移動的話，必然會出現很多失誤。因此，琴墊的放置除了要安放在鎖骨上外，還要注意下顎與琴尾一般為左側尾部是否處於同一水平豎線，以防止在演奏過程中因肩墊位置不正確，導致骨骼或肌肉吃力，造成小範圍肌肉緊張，影響演奏。
為了達到放鬆左肩與左手的目的，對於肩墊的放置位置有著非常嚴格的規定，首先，在演奏時，小提琴的持琴者必須將琴身與身體呈角度式擺放，以保證運弓與琴馬能夠在統一水平線上持平，為了保證這一點，必須將琴墊放置在身體最為靠近琴背處，以穩固這一姿勢，因此，琴墊必須置於鎖骨之上。
3.如何安装小提琴肩托？
安装小提琴肩垫(肩托)首先一手抓住琴颈背板冲上，也可以让胳膊夹住琴颈。
安装时先卡住一侧在卡另一侧，卡上去之后慢慢移动调整，调整到肩垫已经牢牢的卡在琴上，可用手来回晃动试试是否稳固。然后放到肩部试用一下是否合适，不合适在适当滑动调整肩垫左右方位，直到适合自己就可以了。
4.小提琴肩托的种类
台灣ARTINO小提琴肩墊，粘貼型。可能更適合孩子，脖子還沒過長的時候使用。
【Timothy】中、 小提琴軟絨肩托肩墊。絨布，比較舒適。
PIRASTRO * 德國 KorfkerCradle小提琴肩墊。比較昂貴。據說是使用了人體工學和力學原理製造，所以用了夾起琴來特別舒服，對琴的聲音的影響也特別小。
最普通的一款肩托。舒適度一般。
羊皮小提琴肩托二合一肩墊。全包裹，可減少腮託的螺絲對脖子的摩擦。
實木款的有點重，爪子和底版不能前後調節角度，此外市面上的假貨多。
KUN碳纖款，稍貴。
KUN楓木款，分为不可折疊的和可折叠的，可折疊的更加貴。它的調節方式相鄰的三個孔。
，
KUN的超經典款。
KUN SOLO。和上面經典款區別在於，底版的海綿有條裝間隔的鏤空設計，給人感覺會透氣一點。肩托墊子的形狀不是單調的長方形，有不同的弧度，在接觸鎖骨的部位接觸面積比較大，根據力學和人體工學設計做了改良，夾起來舒服，肩託的爪子很方便調節，不用調整螺絲，單獨推拉就可以。
Wolf狼牌。狼牌最常見的是黑色弧形款，還有直款，如果覺得海綿不夠厚還有加厚款。
德國 Wittner 溫特納小提琴肩托，可多方向可調節。使用者可以根據自身條件，調節肩墊高度、傾角。重量輕，方便易用，強度高。此款安裝在拉弦板中間，跨過拉弦板的兩螺絲夾在左右兩邊，會使琴身受力均勻。由於與眾不同的設計方式，此款肩託與小提琴接觸面積很小，從而對小提琴音色影響也非常小。
BONMUSICA為可調節小提琴肩墊，其設計原理可以輕鬆調節適應不同體型及不同舒適度的需要。海綿部分可大幅度調節彎度，兩片海綿可以手動自行組合排列，適合各種肩型。優點是很穩，但是缺點是有點重。
Markow馬爾科夫共振肩墊。肩託的特殊設計使小提琴背板的振動更自由。
5.肩墊對於演奏的意義
其實不乏有很多學習小提琴的人或者教師都並不十分在意肩墊，藝術追求自由與隨性，在最自由的狀態下去演奏其效果是必然的，因此很多人在學習初期，並不願意去使用肩墊，後果往往適得其反，使得左肩甚至上身肌肉在演奏中為保持琴身穩定，都陷入了一種緊繃的狀態，極不利於身體健康，長此以往，會出現肩膀酸痛、持琴無力的情況，對於演奏效果而言，也並不如意。
很多學習小提琴的人或者教師都並不十分在意肩墊，藝術追求自由與隨性，在最自由的狀態下去演奏其效果是必然的，因此很多人在學習初期，並不願意去使用肩墊，後果往往適得其反，使得左肩甚至上身肌肉在演奏中為保持琴身穩定，都陷入了一種緊繃的狀態，極不利於身體健康，長此以往，會出現肩膀酸痛、持琴無力的情況，對於演奏效果而言，也並不如意。
隨著時代的發展，肩墊也發生了改革與進步，早年小提琴肩墊常見的只有兩種類型，彈簧肩墊以及木製肩墊，後來在兩者的基礎上，又衍生中很多種類，就材質而言也有很多選擇。肩墊的進步與發展又從側面印證了小提琴演奏中肩墊的重要意義。
發音準確
肩墊的主要意義，是讓左肩處於較為放鬆的狀態，也就是說，能夠使演奏者處於一個相對而言較為放鬆的狀態，更加有利於演奏的根本——準確發音。小提琴的發音主要是依靠弓與琴弦的摩擦而產生，因此，壓力不同、位置點不同、琴弦不同、演奏過程速度不同所產生的聲音都是不同的，如果不能保持相對放鬆的態度，在演奏過程中，很難把握聲音，尤其對於初學者而言，更難掌握對於基本功的學習和運用，而肩墊的運用和標準姿勢的學習，恰能改善這一點，準確把握發音，對於初學者而言，更為有益。
姿勢美觀
藝術都是人們精神世界的追求，具有一定的美觀。因此，在演奏過程中，除了良好的狀態，藝術的美感也十分重要，不同的藝術種類對於美感的追求不同，對於小提琴演奏而言，美感來自於兩方面，其一是演奏者本身帶來的美感，其二是小提琴帶來的美感。肩墊的運用讓演奏的身體進入一個相對安靜、穩固、放鬆的狀態，讓持琴者全神貫注於音樂的演奏中，因此，帶給人的視覺感受是如行雲流水般的舒適，而不使用肩墊，則會使得演奏者的身體進入緊張狀態，演奏中需要兼顧的地方頗多，反而影響效果，為保證演奏質量，應避免持琴者出現各種不美觀的姿勢，影響視覺美感。
於長期演奏
身體長時間處於緊張狀態，逐年累月的疊加，最終會對身體造成破壞，不宜長期演奏，身體受到傷害，演奏也就中斷了，因此，出於對健康的考慮，肩墊的使用是必要的，肩墊能夠減輕身體的負擔，幫助初學者或長期演奏者放鬆身體，有益於長期演奏。
小提琴的學習與演奏是一門需要耐心、時間和精力的藝術追求，因此，不可盲目躍進，雖然但是不論對於學習還是演奏，肩墊的使用都是存在一定益處的，尤其是初學者，肩墊對於小提琴的學習意義遠遠大於長期學習計劃的製訂，所以，要重視肩墊的運用。
音樂就是思想著的聲音。
Music is the sound of thinking.
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1. Why does a violin need a shoulder rest?
In the early days, the violin was played against the chest. However, with the continuous research of performance skills, the requirements for the left hand are getting higher and higher, and it is no longer enough to play against the chest. Therefore, the way of playing the violin was changed from leaning on the chest to being sandwiched between the clavicle and the lower jaw to reduce the burden on the left hand and enable the left hand to be used flexibly. In this way, the shoulder pad was born. Therefore, the main purpose of the shoulder rest is to allow the player to better use the left hand to play.
2. How important is the violin shoulder rest?
The stability of the piano body during performance is very important. If the piano body may move in various ways during performance, many mistakes will inevitably occur. Therefore, in addition to placing the piano pad on the clavicle, it is also necessary to pay attention to whether the lower jaw and the tail of the piano are generally on the same horizontal vertical line, so as to prevent the bones or muscles from straining due to the incorrect position of the shoulder pad during the performance. , causing a small area of muscle tension, affecting performance.
In order to relax the left shoulder and the left hand, there are very strict regulations on the placement of the shoulder pads. First of all, when playing, the violin holder must place the violin body and the body at an angle to ensure that the bow and the violin are placed at an angle. The horse can be level on a uniform level. In order to ensure this, the piano pad must be placed closest to the back of the body to stabilize this position. Therefore, the piano pad must be placed on the collarbone.
3. How to install the violin shoulder rest?
To install the violin shoulder pad (shoulder support), first grab the back of the violin neck with one hand and rush it up, or let your arms clamp the neck.
When installing, first clamp one side on the other side of the card, and then move it slowly to adjust it until the shoulder pad is firmly stuck on the piano. You can shake it back and forth with your hand to test whether it is stable. Then put it on the shoulder and try it out to see if it is suitable. If it is not suitable, adjust the left and right orientation of the shoulder pad by sliding it properly until it suits you.
Regarding the issue of shoulder pads affecting the sound quality, the current shoulder pad production technology can already reduce its impact on the sound to a very low level. Compared to the relaxation of the left hand, the effect of this sound is minimal.
The question of whether to use shoulder rests can vary from person to person. This is conducive to the stability of holding the piano, which is very important in the beginner stage.
4. Types of violin shoulder rests
Taiwan ARTINO violin shoulder pad, paste type. May be more suitable for children, use when the neck is not too long.
【Timothy】Medium and violin soft fleece shoulder pads. Flannel, more comfortable.
PIRASTRO * Germany KorfkerCradle violin shoulder pads. relatively expensive. It is said that it is manufactured using ergonomic and mechanical principles, so it is very comfortable to hold the piano, and the impact on the sound of the piano is also very small.
The most common shoulder rest. Comfort is average.
Sheepskin violin shoulder rest 2-in-1 shoulder pad. Fully wrapped to reduce the friction of the chin rest screws on the neck.
The solid wood model is a bit heavy, the claws and the bottom plate cannot be adjusted forward and backward, and there are many fakes on the market.
KUN carbon fiber, slightly more expensive.
The KUN maple model, the non-foldable one costs about 500, and the foldable one is more expensive. It adjusts the way the three holes are adjacent.
A super classic from KUN.
KUN SOLO.
Wolf card. The most common wolf brand is the black curved model, and there are straight models. If you think the sponge is not thick enough, there are thicker models.
Germany Wittner Wittner violin shoulder rest, multi-directional adjustable. Users can adjust the height and inclination of the shoulder pads according to their own conditions. Light weight, easy to use and high strength. This model is installed in the middle of the tailpiece, and the two screws that cross the tailpiece are clamped on the left and right sides, which will make the piano body evenly stressed. Due to the unusual design, the contact area between the shoulder rest and the violin is very small, so the impact on the sound of the violin is very small.
BOnmUSICA is an adjustable violin shoulder pad, its design principle can be easily adjusted to meet the needs of different body types and different comfort levels. The camber of the sponge can be greatly adjusted, and the two sponges can be combined and arranged manually, which is suitable for various shoulder shapes. The advantage is that it is very stable, but the disadvantage is that it is a bit heavy.
Markow Markov Resonance Shoulder Pads. The special design of the shoulder rest makes the vibration of the back of the violin freer.
5.The meaning of shoulder pads for playing
In fact, there are many violin learners or teachers who are not very concerned about shoulder pads. Art pursues freedom and casualness. The effect of playing in the freest state is inevitable. Therefore, many people are reluctant to use it in the early stage of learning. Shoulder pads are often counterproductive, causing the left shoulder and even the upper body muscles to fall into a tight state in order to maintain the stability of the piano body during performance, which is extremely detrimental to physical health. In terms of performance, it is not satisfactory.
Many violin learners or teachers don't care about shoulder pads very much. Art pursues freedom and casualness. The effect of playing in the freest state is inevitable. Therefore, many people are reluctant to use shoulder pads in the early stage of learning. The consequences are often counterproductive, making the left shoulder and even the upper body muscles fall into a tense state in order to maintain the stability of the piano body during performance, which is extremely unfavorable to the health of the body. Words are not satisfactory.
With the development of the times, the shoulder pads have also undergone reform and progress. In the early years, there were only two types of violin shoulder pads, spring shoulder pads and wooden shoulder pads. Later, on the basis of the two, many types were derived. There are also many options. The progress and development of shoulder pads confirms the importance of shoulder pads in violin performance from the side.
accurate tone
The main meaning of the shoulder pad is to make the left shoulder in a more relaxed state, that is to say, it can make the player in a relatively relaxed state, which is more conducive to the fundamental of performance – accurate pronunciation. The pronunciation of the violin is mainly produced by the friction between the bow and the strings. Therefore, different pressures, different positions, different strings, and different speeds during the playing process produce different sounds. In the process of playing, it is difficult to grasp the sound, especially for beginners, it is even more difficult to grasp the learning and application of basic skills, and the use of shoulder pads and the learning of standard postures can just improve this, and accurately grasp the pronunciation, for beginners more beneficial.
beautiful posture
Art is the pursuit of people's spiritual world and has a certain beauty. Therefore, in the process of playing, in addition to a good state, the aesthetic sense of art is also very important. Different art types have different pursuits of aesthetic sense. For violin performance, the sense of beauty comes from two aspects, one is the performance brought by the player himself. Beauty, and the second is the beauty brought by the violin. The use of shoulder pads allows the playing body to enter a relatively quiet, stable and relaxed state, allowing the violinist to concentrate fully on the performance of the music. Therefore, the visual experience brought to people is as comfortable as running clouds and water, without the use of shoulder pads , it will make the player's body into a tense state, and there are many places that need to be taken into account during the performance, which will affect the effect.
playing for a long time
The body is in a state of tension for a long time, and the superposition of years and months will eventually cause damage to the body. It is not suitable to play for a long time. If the body is injured, the performance will be interrupted. Therefore, the use of shoulder pads is necessary for health reasons. , The shoulder pad can reduce the burden on the body, help beginners or long-term players to relax their bodies, and is beneficial to long-term performance.
The learning and playing of the violin is an artistic pursuit that requires patience, time and energy. Therefore, it is not advisable to make a blind leap forward, although the use of shoulder pads has certain benefits for both learning and performance, especially for beginners. The significance of learning the violin is far greater than the formulation of a long-term study plan. Therefore, attention should be paid to the use of shoulder pads.
音樂就是思想著的聲音。
Music is the sound of thinking.
